Construction of concrete-slab buildings



Mar. 27, 1923.

W. E. CLIFTON ET AL. CONSTRUCTION 0F CONCRETE SLAB BUILDINGS.

2 SHEETS-SHEET i.

FILED JUNE 27, I92I.

Mal'. 27, 1923.

W. E. CLIFTN ET AL. CONSTRUCTION 0F coNcNETE SLAB BUILDINGS.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

FALED JUNE 27,1921- mm A Rubini Patented Mar. Z7, 1923.

j i Miara WILLIAM ERNEST CLIFTON AND JOHN STURTONEWART, OF NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND,

ASSIGNORS TO THE CLIFTON-EWART TINGHAM, ENGLAND.

CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, LIMITED, OF NOT- CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE-SLAB BUILDINGS.

Application ined June 27, '1921. serial No. 430,843. i

(GRANTED UNDER THE PROVISIONS F THE ACT 0F MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. L., 1313.)

To all whom-t may concern; j

Be it known that we, WILLIAM ERNEST CLIFTON and JOHN STURTON Ewnn'r, subjects of the King of England, both residing in Nottingham, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Construction of Concrete-Slab Buildings (for which we have filed applications in Great ABritain July 10, 1919, Patent No. 153,633, and May 14, 1920), of Awhich the following is a speciiication. j

This invention consists in improvements in or relating toconcrete building structures in which the walls are comprised of vertical stanchions or principals spaced apart at intervals in the walls with inner and i outer filling-in slabs of concrete or the like disposedin the spaces between adjacent principals, and has for its object to simplify the construction so thatv a minimumv of skilled labour is required and the vcost of building consequently reduced According to the present invention for a concrete slab structure of `thistype a construction of vertical principal is employed whereby it is formed, as to its lateral surface which faces an adjacent principal, with a single vertically disposed recess wide enough to admit the edges of both inner and outerslabs and of such a depth that the slabs can be placed in position by-inserting one edge in a `recess in one principal and thereafter swinging the slab to bring its opposite edge into an opposing recess in the adjacent principal. Preferably the width of the recess from front t-o back is sufficient to accommodate the edges of both the inner and outer slabs with a space between them for grouting.

The invention also yincludes a filling-in slab having rebated edges for insertion into the recesses in the principals, the said rebates being such as to engage the edgesy of the recesses to prevent endwise movement of the slab in a direction parallel to its own plane after it has been adjusted in position. In one form of the invention "the rebates are suc-h as to afford fianges at theedges of the slab to engage inner faces of the recesses of the principals whereby the outer facesk of the slabs can be adjusted flush `with the `outer l surfaces ofthe principals.

The foregoing andA other features of the invention will be `more clearly `understood from the following description of some preferred constructions described by way of example only with `the aid of the accompanying drawings in which-l f yFigure 1 is an elevation, and j Figure 2 a` ground floor plan showing part of a dwelling house constructed according to our invention;

Figure Sisa sectional plan showing details of construction;

Figure 4 is an elevation;`

Figure 5 a plan; and n Figure (i an end view of one of the fillingin slabs formed with a moulding;

Figures 7 to 9 inclusive are cross-sectional views ofthe vertical frame members.

Figures 3 to i) are ydrawnto-'allargerscale than Figures l andZ. i

Figure 10 is aj sectional plan of portions yof some of the walls of a builcling,fpaits thereof being brokenaway;y 1

Figure l1 is a partial elevation of the structure shown .in Figure `10; and j j Figure l2 isI asimilar view to Figure 11 of a modifiedconstruction.

Like reference letters indicate ylike partsk I 'throughout the drawings. 1

. The-,framing of a building `comprises a base frame A` (see Figure 1) of the requisite shape in plan, which is laid on the ground or on a suitable foundation 'Bpaseries of vertical principals vor stanchions' C, C?, C2, which are spaced the requisite distance apart and extend up to the full height required in the ground floor walls, anda sec-ond hori- Zontal frame D at v'the top-Tof the vertical `members @which is adaptedito either carry the roof, or forma base frame for the `floor and vertical principalsof thewalls ,of the next floor., l j `l l A The basefranie A may, be constructed of `reinforced concrete membersof the requisite length and section, and if preferred, recessesmmayvbe provided in the upper faceof this frameA toadmit the lower ends ofthe 'vertical principals rarily held whilst the spaces between thenr are filled in with inner and outer filling-in slabs, as will be hereafter described. lf preferred however the vertical principals C may be connected by stays or tie-rods which are disposed between the inner and outer sets of filling-in slabs.

The vertical frame principals C are i section formed with 'one or more of their sides recessed, and the said recesses are disposed according to the position the respective principals are to occupy in the building. For example,'at intermediate points, principals C with recesses@ in opposite sides as shown in Figure 7 are used. At the outer corners, principals C1 with recesses c in two adjacent sides as shown in Figure 8 are used. At points where one wall intersects another, principals C2 with recesses e in three sides as shown in Figure 9 are used.

The vertical lprincipals described are disposed with their recessed faces at right-angles to the faces of the respective walls, and with their plane faces forming part of the face or faces of the wall, as shown in Figure 3.

rPhe spaces between the vertical'members C, Cl and C2 are filled in by means of inner and outer .filling-in slabs E and FV (see Figure 3) which are long enough to extend from one vertical principal C to another, and engage in the recesses provided for them in the faces of the latter. The filling-in slabs E and F are made of such a height that they can be conveniently handled by one man` and their ends are formed with a rebate f on the outer face, so that said faces can be brought up flush with the plane faces of the vertical principals C.

The recesses c in the vertical principals C are further made deep enough to admit of the insertion of the filling-in slabs E and F in position at the particular level they' are to occupy. This is effected as shown in Figure 3, by inserting one end of the slab, E for instance in its recess c before that of the other, after which the slab E can be adjusted in its proper position flush with the faces of the vertical principals and is then prevented from moving endwise by the rebates f.

The lilling-in slabs are inserted in pairs` that is an inner one E and an outer one F at the same level, and they may then be temporarily retained in position by means of wedges placed between them, Whilst the groutmgG which permanently secures them in position is poured in. The grouting G may be of such a nature that it forms a dampproof or non-conducting layer between the inner and outer slabs E and F whilst the exposed faces of the latter may be of the character required to suit the interior and exterior decorationr respectively,

If preferred the meeting edges of the filling-in slabs E and F may be bevelied off on their inner sides, so as to form a space into which the grouting Cr can enter and thus form a better joint between them.

lVhen the ground floor walls are completed, the framing D is placed on the top, and this frame may be adapted to carry the first iioor and form thefbase frameto carry the vertical principals of the first fioor walls, and further floors may be added by repeating the construction.

The advantages of the construction described arc that it is economical, the process of erection is simplified and can be rapidly carried on, the finished structure is substantial and weather-tight, whilst the temperature of the inner face of a Vwail of this construction, the inner filling-in slabs il of which may be composed of plaster or the like instead of concrete, is not affected by that of its outer face, and it is therefore welladapted for dwelling houses.

There mouldings -or sills are required, they may be formed on the filling-in slabs which are disposed at the points in the building where the moulding is required.

As shown for example in Figures 3 to 6, the lling-in slab F is formed integrally with a moulding F1 at its lower edge. This slab F is adapted to fill the space above a window with the moulding F1 directly above the latter so as to act as a weatherboard.

Referring to Figures l() and-ll, the vertical principals C, C1, C2 and C3 are each conveniently moulded in concrete, cement or lilre material and are formed with vertical recesses on those faces which` oppose one another. The principals C1 are shown for use atv the corner of the building, those indicated by the reference letter C serve as intermediate principals in the length of a wall unbroken by cross walls, those indicated by C2 serve as intermediate principals where a cross wall is provided and those indicated at C3 serve as principals for use at the termination of a wall or wall section as for example at a door or window jamb.

The recesses `are of such dimensions that inner and outer filiing-in slabs E and F vcan be inserted in the. following manner at any position in the height of the principals after the latter have been erected. As shown on the left of Figure l0, as applied to an inner filling-in slab, one edge of the slab is rst inserted to the bottom of vthe recess whereafter the opposite edge can be swung into line with the corresponding recess in an adjacent principal and their moved endwise to the position shown in chain lines or in full lines in connection with the other slabs. The edges of the slabs are rebated so as to leave marginal flanges and shoulders which `engage ,respectively with the inner edges of the recesses and the lateral faces of the principals to prevent the slabs from moving and also to hold the latter with their outer faces flush with the corresponding surfaces of the principals. The space between the slabs is then filled in with grouting Gr.

Each of the principals is formed with orifices which extend through them transverse of their length so that tie-rods H can be passed through corresponding orilices of two or more of the principals. The ends of the tie-rods may be left either extending straight or slightly downturned as shown in Figure ll.V Tie-,rods are embedded in the grouting G and the latter also `flows into the orifices in the principals through which the tie-rods vpass firmly securing the latter in position and tying the principals together. llt will be seen that the tierods `will at the corners, pass through orifices 'which follow a curved path from recess to recess in the principal` and a similar provision will preferably be made through the blocks such as C2 for tying between the `principals `of one wall and those of a transverse wall.

ln Figure l2 a modification of the construction of the wall is shown from that illustrated in Figures 1Q and ll. In the latter the vertical principals extended completely throughout the height of a building or a floor onstage ofthe building whereas in the form shorvn in Figure l2 the yvertical principals are shown in short lengths whereof Jthose in one course are-staggered with. relation to those in the other course.

ln this case the short principals or locking` members C4 are formed with projections C5 at their ends which are conveniently embedded in the grouting between inner and outer slabs of the courses above and below. In place of the projections C the short principals C4 may be formed with one projection C5 and a slot indicated at C registering above the space between the inner and outer .filling-in slabs; In the case of the projections C5 they will be embedded and secured in the grouting whereas in the case of the slots Csithe grouting will vHow into them and serve as a key to hold the short principals into position. ln positions where principals such as C1, C2 and C3 of Figures 10 and 11 are required they will preferably be in single lengths as previously described. The same system of tying the principals together by means of tie-rods H passing through orifices in the principals will be employed.

What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent ris l. In a building construction, the coinonecourse to a pair of slabsinv another course.` l j l f 2. In a building construction, the coin- `-bination of two spaced verticalprincipals,

horizontal courses each comprising pairs of inner and outer slabs and vertical lockingmembers for the `slabs arranged between the said principals, the locking-members in one course being staggered in relation to those inthe course neXt Vadjacent thereto, said principals and lloclzing-members having cach in a lateral surface that faces an adjacent principal, a. vertically disposed recess, the slabs having each rebated edges entering into the recesses, and said rebates being so formed astto enga-ge the edges of therecesses to prevent endwise movement of the slabs in a direction parallel to their own planes, `and means securing a locking mein-` ber in one course to a pair of slabs in another course.

3. In a building construction, the combination of horizontal courses each comprising pairs vof inner and outer `slabs and short vertical principals arranged between adjacent pairs of slabs ina course, the principals in one course being staggered in relation to those in the course next adjacent thereto7 said `principals having eachin a lateral sun face that faces an adjacent principal, a vertically'disposed recess into which the edges of a pair of `slabs enter, and each principal having means for locking the same to a pair of slabs in another course.

4. Inv a building construction, the combi`- nation of horizontal courses each comprising pairs of inner and outer slabs, short vertical principals arranged between adjacent pairs of slabs in a course, the principals in one course being staggered in relation to those in the coursenext adjacent thereto, said principals having each iii a lateral suru face that faces an adjacent "principal, a

vertically disposed recess, the slabs having each rebated edges entering into the recesses7 and said rebates being so formed as` t0 engage the edges of the recesses to purent endwise movement of the slabs in a direction parallel to their own planes, said vertical principals having integral portions extending between the slabs of a pair of slabs in the courses nent above and below the saine.

5. In a building construction, the combi nation et two spaced vertical principals having each in a lateral surface that faces the other principal, a verticalljTV disposed recess, and vtwo slabs having each a rcbated edge entering'into the recess in one of said principals and a rebated edge entering in the recess in the other principal, each recess being `wide enough to admit the edges of both slabs with a space between themfor iilling material and being of such a depth that the slabs can be placed in position by inserting one edge in a recess in one principal and thereafter swinging the slab to bring its oppositeedge int-o an opposed recess in an adjacent principal, said rebates beingso tor-med as toengage the'edges of therecesses to prevent endivise mov-ement or' the slabs in a direction parallel to their own planes When the slabs rhave been adjusted in posit-ion With their outer faces flush With the outer faces of the principals.

6. in a building construction, the combination/ot a plurality ot horizontal courses each comprising a plurality oit' pairs o inner and outer slabs and vertical principals arranged between adjacent pairs of slabs in a course, each slab having rebated edgesV at its ends, said principals having each in a lateral surface that faces an adjacent principal. a vertically disposed recess into which the rebated edges ot a pair of slabs enter, each recess being Wide enough to admit the edges of' both slabs with afspacebetween them for grouting and being ot such a depth that theslabs can be placed in position by inserting one edge in a recess in one principal and thereafter swinging the slabs to bring its opposite edgeinto an opposed recess in an adjacent principal, said rebates being so termed as to engage the edges of the recesses to prevent endwise movement of the slabs in a direction parallel to their own planes when the slabs'have vbeen adjusted in position with4 their outer faces flush with the outer Afaces of the principals, and tie- .rods extendingA inthe spaces between the inner and outer slabs 'from one principal to an adjacent principal.

7. In a buildingconstruction, the combination of two spaced vertical principals, a plurality ot horizontal courses each comprising pairs of inner and outer slabs and vertical locking-members tor the slabs arranged vbetween the said'principals, each slab havva pair ot slabs enter, each recess being Wide enough to admit the edges of both slabs with a space between them for grouting and being ot such av depth that the slabs can be placed in position by inserting one edge in a recess in one principal or locking member and thereafter swinging theA slab to bring its opposite edge into an opposed recessin an adjacent principal, said rebates being so formed as to engage the edges of the recesses to prevent enohvise `movement of the slabs in a direction parallel to their own planes When the slabs have been adjusted in position With their outer faces flush with the outer faces of the principals or locking members, and` means securing a locking member in one course to a pair of slabs in another course.

ln testimony whereof We have signed our names to this specification in the presence of tivo subscribing Witnesses.

VILLIAM ERNEST CLIFTON.

JOHN STURTON EWART.

Witnesses: i

CHAs. L. Nonnen,

ALFRED Hennen. 

